Evaluation of oncological outcomes in patients with oral cavity cancer treated in a lowvolume hospital

Introduction: Oral cavity cancer (OCC) is one of the 10 most common types of tumors in the world. Surgical resection is the most indicated initial treatment, followed by adjuvant therapy, depending on tumor stage. A few studies have suggested that patients treated in high-volume hospitals present better oncologic outcomes; however, particularly in continental countries, some patients are treated in regional hospitals. Objective: To evaluate the results of OCC patients treated in low-volume regional hospitals. Methods: This is a retrospective longitudinal study conducted with patients diagnosed with OCC and operated on in a low-volume hospital between January 2003 and December 2018. Results: 174 patients with OCC were treated at the institution - an average of 11 patients/year. The most common tumor location was the tongue (48.2%), followed by the lip (18.2%). Squamous cell carcinomas were the most frequent (94.7% of patients). Adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy were performed in 46.7 and 31.9% of patients, respectively. Almost 21% of patients had some postoperative complication. Specific survival of 62.6% and global survival of 58.2% after 3 years were similar to the results reported in high-volume centers. Disease-free survival was 45.8% in the same period. Conclusion: Low-volume hospitals qualified for oncological treatments can present outcomes similar to those of high-volume centers, and are thus a regional option for patients with OCC.

Perioperative nursing of a case of a chlid who is congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis and lower lip bite defect repair / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To summarize the perioperative nursing points of a child with congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis and lower lip bite defect repair.Methods:To summarize and analyze the perioperative nursing care of a child with congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis and lower lip bite defect repair in September 2020 in Peking University School of Stomatology (Peking University Hospital of Stomatology).Results:The operation was successful. On the 7th day after operation, the child was discharged from the hospital after her stitches removed. The child was revisited one month after surgery. The wound of the child′s lip healed well without infection and bite.Conclusions:For this case, the wound infection should be prevented and to avoid the occurrence of re-bite. Taking active protective measures to prevent accidental injury and autotomy is the key to nursing care.

Clinical Characteristics and Gene Mutations in 186 Cases of Kindler Syndrome / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and genetic mutations in Kindler syndrome(KS)and provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of KS. Methods The clinical data of one case of KS from Peking Union Medical College Hospital and 185 cases reported in literature were collected. The gene mutation types,patient clinical data,and tumor characteristics were statistically analyzed. Results A total of 186 cases were enrolled,including 110 males and 76 females,with the mean age of(28±16)years. The data of gene mutation and specific clinical manifestations were available in 151 and 94 patients,respectively. The main clinical manifestations of KS included poikiloderma,occurrence of blister in childhood,and photosensitivity,and the secondary clinical manifestations included oral inflammation,palmoplantar keratoderma,webbing/pseudoainhum,dysphagia,urethral stricture and so on.Oral inflammation(r=0.234,P=0.023),palmoplantar keratoderma(r=0.325,P=0.001),webbing/pseudoainhum(r=0.247,P=0.016),dysphagia(r=0.333,P=0.001),urethral stricture(r=0.280,P=0.006)were significantly correlated with age,showing significantly higher incidence in the patients over 32 years old.Urethral stricture(χ2=11.292,P=0.001)and anal stenosis(χ2=4.014,P=0.045)were significantly correlated with sex,with higher incidence in males.Eighty different mutations were found in 151 patients,and the most common gene mutation was c.676C>T.Forty-one tumors occurred in 27 patients,among which squamous cell carcinoma accounted for 92.7%. The gene mutation site had no significant correlation with squamous cell carcinoma or patient country. Conclusions The c.676C>T in FERMT1 gene is the most common mutation in KS.The patients are prone to squamous cell carcinoma and mainly attacked at the exposure sites(hand and mouth).

Mucocèle de la lèvre inférieure: rapport de cas et revue de la littérature / Lower lip mucocele: case report and review of literature

A mucocele is a mucus-filled, variable-sized, cavity that can appear as a nodule in the oral mucosa. It's a very common exophytic lesion resulting from a salivary accumulation, due to an alteration of the minor salivary gland.They can be categorized according to their etiology: they may occur from extravasation or retention of the secretion.The main one is the extravasation mucocele caused by traumatic rupture of the gland's epithelium spilling out the mucus in the extra-glandular space. The mechanical trauma can be caused by lip biting habits or by a cutting tooth in constant contact with the lip. [1] The collection then triggers an immune reaction in the mucosa with swelling, leading to the formation of granulation tissue with inflammatory cells. At this point, there is a pseudo capsule with no epithelialized lining defining a pseudocyst. [2] However, the retention cyst is a true cyst due to an epithelial proliferation of the exit ducts that generates an obstruction of the salivary flow. [2] Treatment options for mucoceles involve surgical resection, marsupialization, cryosurgery, steroid injection. The surgical excision remains the gold standard therapy for this lesion, but relapse might happen (8.8% on the labial/buccal mucosa). [3]

Comparison of clinical effects of the Yu flap and the Karapandzic flap in repairing greater than 2/3 lower lip defects / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To compare the clinical effect of the Yu flap and the Karapandzic flap in repairing greater than 2/3 defects of the lower lip and to provide a reference for clinical application.@*Methods@#Ten patients with greater than 2/3 lower lip defects after surgical resection of lower lip tumors and vascular malformations were enrolled: 5 patients were repaired with the Yu flap (Yu flap group) and 5 patients were repaired with the Karapandzic flap (Karapandzic flap group). Follow-up for at least 1 year was conducted to evaluate the morphology (symmetry, stoma, exposure of vermilion) and function (sensory function, motor function) of the reconstructed lower lip.@*Results @#All the flaps survived, and all wounds showed primary healing. The lower lips reconstructed with the Yu flap or the Karapandzic flap obtained similar satisfactory oral function. The sensory function was essentially restored. There were no obvious obstacles in speech and expression, and no saliva leakage occurred. In the Yu flap group, only 1 patient had slight microstomia. In the Karapandzic flap group, 2 patients had slight microstomia and 3 patients had moderate microstomia. 90% (9/10) of the patients were very satisfied with the postoperative outcome, and 1 patient in the Karapandzic flap group was basically satisfied. @*Conclusion@#Both the Yu flap and the Karapandzic flap can be used to repair greater than 2/3 lower lip defects and reliable outcomes can be achieved. These two methods can achieve similar oral functions, but the effect of the Karapandzic flap is inferior to that of the Yu flap in terms of aesthetic appearance, and microstomia often occurs, while the Yu flap can generally maintain the original size of the mouth cleft.

Detection of MSX1 gene mutations in patients with congenital tooth loss in Van der Woude syndrome / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To explore the relationship between MSX1 gene detection and tooth loss in a Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) family @* Methods @# DNA was extracted from the venous blood of 2 patients with dental hy⁃podontia in the 9th family of Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) families and 62 controls with complete dentition. Primers were designed for the MSXl gene. The coding regions of exons 1 and 2 of the MSX1 gene were amplified by PCR. The purified products of exons 1 and 2 of the MSX1 gene were sequenced and analyzed by sequence alignment @*Results@#The ivs2+68 C>T polymorphism in the MSX1 gene was found in the VWS9 members with tooth loss, and the VWS pa⁃tients with IRF6 gene mutations had increased tooth loss@* Conclusion@#Congenital tooth loss in the patients with con⁃genital missing teeth in VWS family 9 may be related to the ivs2 + 68 C> T polymorphism of the MSX1 gene.

Application of a modified paramedian lower lip-submandibular approach in maxillary (subtotal) total resection / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical efficacy of a modified paramedian lower lip-submandibular approach for maxillary (subtotal) total resection.@*METHODS@#Eleven patients of maxillary tumors underwent maxillary (subtotal) total resection through the modified paramedian lower lip-submandibular approach. Clinical follow-up visits were conducted to evaluate appearance restoration, facial nerve functional status, parotid gland functional status, and orbital region complication.@*RESULTS@#During the follow-up period of 6-36 months, the appearance of all 11 patients recovered well. All cases presented hidden scars. No facial nerve and parotid duct injury, lower eyelid edema, lower eyelid ectropion, or epiphora in all cases was observed.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Applying modified paramedian lower lip-submandibular approach to maxillary (subtotal) total resection effectively reduces incidence of orbital region complications including lower eyelid edema, lower eyelid ectropion, and epiphora, which often occur to traditional approach. The modified approach produces more subtle scars than other methods and should be applied to treatment of maxillary (subtotal) total resection.

Application of a modified M-shaped flap in defect repair after resection of lower lip cancer / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@# To observe the clinical effect of the modified M-shaped flap for repairing defects following resection of lower lip cancer and to provide a reference for clinical application.@*Methods @#Fourteen cases using modified M-shaped flaps to repair lower lip cancer surgery defects were retrospectively analyzed. The postoperative follow-up patients’ flap survival, mouth opening, denture use, bilateral mouth angle symmetry, recurrence and survival were analyzed.@*Results @#Fourteen patients with lower lip cancer underwent reconstruction immediately after surgery, and the defect range after tumor resection was 30% to 50% of the lower lip. The continuity of the orbicularis oculi muscle is reconstructed by modified M-shaped flap to transfer bilateral residual lip tissue. The blood supply to the flap is stable. All patients’ flaps survived completely without complications, such as hemorrhage, infection or flap necrosis, and their lip movement and sensation recovered well. There were no obvious obstacles in opening and closing or pronunciation and dietary function, and the mean maximum opening was (3.06 ± 0.23) cm. Three patients used active dentures, which could be removed normally. All patients’mouths were preserved. Approximately 85.7% of patients (12/14) had bilateral symmetry of the bilateral mouth, the flaps matched the facial color, and the lower lip was naturally beautiful, as the scar was not obvious. After 6 months to 4 years of follow-up (mean 2 years and 6 months), no recurrence or death occurred.@*Conclusion @#The modified M-shaped valve design is simple and easy to operate. This method can be applied to 30% to 50% defect reconstructions of the lower lip to retain the corner of the mouth.

Upper and lower lip soft tissue thicknesses differ in relation to age and sex / Grosores de los tejidos blandos de los labios superior e inferior difieren en relación con la edad y el sexo

This study was performed to determine age- and sex-related differences in lip thickness. Lateral cephalometric images of 220 healthy individuals were taken and the thicknesses of the upper and lower lips were measured. The measurements were performed in three different age groups. Our results indicate that the lower lip thickness, as well as the distance between the most anterior point of contact between the upper and lower lips and the most protruding point of the upper incisor teeth, differed between the two sexes. The lips of males were thicker than those of females. Receiver operating curve analysis was performed to determine the cutoff values to differentiate thickness between males and females. Our results showed that knowledge of upper and lower lips thickness in relation to age and sex may be beneficial to forensic anthropologists, to plastic and reconstructive surgeons, and to orthodontists for more detailed examination, effective treatment, and optimised outcomes.

Este estudio se realizó para determinar las diferencias en el grosor de los labios relacionadas con la edad y el sexo. Se tomaron imágenes cefalométricas laterales de 220 individuos sanos y se midió el grosor de los labios superior e inferior. Las mediciones se realizaron en tres grupos de edades diferentes. Nuestros resultados indicaron que el grosor del labio inferior, así como la distancia entre el punto más anterior de contacto, entre los labios superior e inferior y el punto más sobresaliente de los dientes incisivos superiores, difieren entre los dos sexos. Los labios de los hombres eran más gruesos que los de las mujeres. Se realizó un análisis de la curva de operación del receptor para determinar los valores de corte para diferenciar el espesor entre hombres y mujeres. Nuestros resultados demostraron que el conocimiento del grosor de los labios, superior e inferior, en relación con la edad y el sexo puede ser beneficioso para los antropólogos forenses, cirujanos plásticos y reconstructivos y para los ortodoncistas al momento de realizar un examen detallado, e implemantar un tratamiento más eficaz, alcanzando resultados optimizados.

A rare nonsyndromic presentation of bilateral doughnut shaped lip pits in an Indian child.

Lip pits are a rare congenital anomaly that presents on the upper or lower lip or the commissure of the lips. Lip pits are an autosomal dominant trait occurring almost always in association with cleft lip or palate. They most commonly occur in association with developmental disturbances such as Van der Woude’s syndrome, popliteal pterygium syndrome, oro‑facial‑digital syndrome, Marres‑Cremers syndrome, and Hirschsprung disease. Its occurrence in nonsyndromic individuals is extremely rare with only a handful of cases reported. The identification of lip pits with other associated anomalies is crucial for genetic counseling; we report a case of nonsyndromic presentation of bilateral lip pits.

Estudo da expressão de CLIC4 e proteínas associadas em queilites actínicas e carcinomas de células escamosas de lábio inferior / Study of the expression of CLIC4 and associated proteins in actinic cheilitis and lower lip squamous cell carcinomas

A proteína do canal de cloro intracelular 4 (CLIC4) regula a passagens dos íons de cloro e relaciona-se com a proteína p53, fator de necrose tumoral α (TNF-α), fator de crescimento transformante-ß (TGF-ß) e com a diferenciação de fibroblastos em miofibroblastos (-SMA) em alguns cânceres humanos. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar a expressão imuno-histoquímicade CLIC4 e proteínas associadas em queilitesactínicas (QA) e carcinomas de células escamosas de lábio inferior (CCELI), bem como verificar a relação destas entre si e com as características clínicas e morfológicas das lesões.A amostra foi composta de 50casos de QAs e 50de CCELIs com dados clínicos, que inicialmente foram submetidos ao estudo morfológico para sua gradação do risco de transformação maligna (sistema binário) e do grau histológico de malignidade (Bryne, 1992), respectivamente.Todos os casos foram submetidos ao método da imunoperoxidase usando os anticorpos paraCLIC4, p53, TGF-, TNF- e - SMA, os quais foram submetidos à análise semiquantitativa, com exceção de p53, que inicialmente foi analisado de forma quantitativa e em sequência categorizada como as demais. Para a análise da expressão de CLIC4 foi considerada sua localização celular.Comparações das imunomarcações com os parâmetros clínicos e morfológicos das lesões foram realizadas pelo teste U de Mann-Whitney e o coeficiente de Spearmanfoi calculado para avaliar correlações entre as proteínas. A expressão nuclear da CLIC4 e TGF-ß estava aumentadaem QAs de baixo risco, quando comparada ao grupo de alto risco (p<0.0001), enquantoCLIC4 citoplasmática,p53 e TNF-α exibiram maior expressão em QAs de alto risco (p<0.05). No que diz respeito às características clínicas e morfológicas dos CCELIs, a expressão de CLIC4 citoplásmatica foi maior nos casos apresentando metástase linfonodal, casos com estágios clínicos mais avançados ou com alto grau de malignidade (p = 0,005; p = 0,029; p<0,0001). A expressão de p53 foi maior em CCELIs de alto grau de malignidade (p= 0,001) e a TGF-ß diminuiu significativamente conforme o avanço do estágio clínico e do grau histológico dos tumores (p< 0,05).As QAs exibiram uma expressão aumentada de CLIC4 (no núcleo, ou núcleo e citoplasma) e TGF-ß, comparadas aos CCELIs (p < 0,0001). Em contraste, houve aumento na marcação de CLIC4 citoplasmática e α-SMA nos casos de CCELI, quando comparados às QAs (p < 0,0001).Nas QAs observou-se correlação negativa entre a expressão de CLIC4 nuclear ea CLIC4 citoplasmática (r = -0,554; p = <0,0001), e entre a marcação de TGF-ß e α-SMA (r = -0,309; p = 0,029). Nos carcinomas, a expressão de p53 exibiu correlação positiva com TNF-α (r = 0,528; p = 0,0001) e αSMA (r = 0,435; p = 0,002).Os nossos resultados sugeremque uma mudança no padrão de expressão nuclear para citoplasmática de CLIC4 está envolvida no processo decarcinogênese labial, acompanhada de alterações na expressão de p53, TGF-ß, TNF-α e α-SMA, e se relacionamcom alguns dos aspectos morfológicos e clínicos das QAs e CCELIs (AU).

The intracellular chloride channel protein 4 (CLIC4) regulates chloride ions and is related to p53, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-ß (TGFß), and with the differentiation of fibroblasts in myofibroblasts (-SMA) in some human cancers. The objective of this study was to analyze the immunohistochemical expression of CLIC4 and associated proteins in actinic cheilites (AC) and squamous cell carcinomas of the lower lip (SCCLL), as well as to verific their relationship with each other and with the clinical and morphological characteristics of the lesions . The sample consisted of 50 cases of AC and 50 of SCCLL with clinical data, which were initially submitted to the morphological study for their gradation of malignant transformation risk (binary system) and histological grade of malignancy (Bryne, 1992). All cases were submitted to the immunoperoxidase method using CLIC4, p53, TGF-ß, TNF- and - SMA antibodies, which were submitted to semiquantitative analysis, except for p53, which was initially analyzed quantitatively and a categorized sequence like the others. For the analysis of CLIC4 expression, its cellular location was considered. Comparisons of the immunoblots with the clinical and morphological parameters of the lesions were performed by the Mann-Whitney U test and the Spearman coefficient was calculated to evaluate correlations between the proteins. Nucleic expression of CLIC4 and TGF-ß was increased in low-risk AC compared to high-risk group (p <0.0001), whereas cytoplasmic CLIC4, p53 and TNF-α showed higher expression in high-risk AC (p < 0.05). As regards the clinical and morphological characteristics of SCCLL, the expression of cytoplasmic CLIC4 was higher in cases presenting lymph node metastasis, cases with more advanced clinical stages or with a high degree of malignancy (p = 0.005, p = 0.029, p <0, 0001). Expression of p53 was higher in highgrade malignant SCCLL (p = 0.001) and TGF-ß decreased significantly as the clinical stage progressed and tumor grade histologically (p <0.05). Increased CLIC4 (in the nucleus, or nucleus and cytoplasm) and TGF-ß, compared to SCCLL (p <0.0001). In contrast, there was an increase in the labeling of cytoplasmic CLIC4 and α-SMA in SCCLL cases, when compared to AC (p <0.0001). In the AC, a negative correlation was observed between nuclear CLIC4 expression and cytoplasmic CLIC4 (r = -0.554, p = <0.0001), and between TGF-ß and α-SMA (r = -0,309; = 0.029). In carcinomas, p53 expression exhibited a positive correlation with TNF-α (r = 0.528, p = 0.0001) and αSMA (r = 0.435, p = 0.002). Our results suggest that a change in CLIC4 cytoplasmic nuclear expression pattern is involved in the process of lip carcinogenesis, accompanied by changes in the expression of p53, TGF-ß, TNF-α and α-SMA, and are related to some of the morphological aspects and clinicians of AC and SCCLL (AU).

An effect of Masseter muscle transfer in recurred cases following temporalis transfer for lower lip paralysis / 나학회지

BACKGROUND: Facial nerve palsy in patients with leprosy brings a variety of discomfort functionally and cosmetically. Although the distortion of the lips is less frequent than that of the eyes, when it occurs, it happens either unilaterally or bilaterally and shows a different dynamic from that in eyes. The lower lip droop causes saliva to flow out of the mouth when eating and exposes the gum and teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients were previously treated using the TMT procedure yet symptoms recurred within an unacceptable timeframe. Therefore, we retreated patients using the masseter muscle plication. We performed the masseter muscle plication to the lateral portion of the lower lip muscle to give it power without dividing the anterior segment of masster muscle from mandibular border. RESULTS: Complete closure of the mouth was observed in 6 patients with a moderate degree of lower lip droop. One patient that presented with severe lower lip droop bilaterally showed only partial closure. CONCLUSIONS: Without dividing anterior half segment of masseter muscle from mandibular border, the direct plication of the anterior border of masseter muscle and lower lip muscles was very effective method to correct the lower lip droop and to close the mouth in recurrent patients after temporal muscle transfer.

Retalho de Bernard-Webster para reconstrução do lábio inferior após exérese de carcinoma espinocelular: uma análise dos resultados funcionais / Use of Bernard-Webster flap for lower lip reconstruction after excision of squamous cell carcinoma: analysis of functional results

INTRODUÇÃO Defeitos dos lábios inferiores após exéreses de carcinoma espinocelular (CEC) vêm sendo reparados com inúmeras técnicas cirúrgicas. No entanto, a reconstrução funcional de defeitos de espessura total do lábio inferior continua a ser um desafio. O objetivo deste estudo, portanto, foi descrever as estratégias cirúrgicas para a reconstrução de defeitos de espessura total do lábio inferior, subsequentes a exéreses cirúrgicas de CEC, bem como avaliar resultados funcionais. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo de todos os pacientes com defeitos de espessura total de lábio inferior após exérese de CEC maiores que um terço do lábio, reconstruídos com retalhos de Bernard-Webster, no período de 2011 a 2014. Os resultados funcionais (funções esfincteriana, motora e sensorial) foram avaliados de acordo com critérios previamente utilizados. RESULTADOS: Seis defeitos labiais foram reconstruídos com retalhos de Bernard-Webster, sem complicações. No período pós-operatório, os pacientes relataram incontinência para líquidos (16,67%), incontinência salivar intermitente (16,67%) e dificuldade para abrir a boca completamente (33,33%). Os testes revelaram déficits sensoriais nas regiões mentoniana (100%) e de lábio inferior (33,33%). Houve recuperação completa de todas as alterações funcionais, em média, três meses após as intervenções cirúrgicas. Os resultados funcionais tardios foram considerados satisfatórios. CCONCLUSÕES: O retalho de Bernard-Webster mostrou-se uma excelente alternativa para reparar defeitos que comprometem mais de um terço do lábio inferior, pois permitiu a utilização de tecidos vizinhos semelhantes, pôde ser realizado em tempo único e foi funcionalmente eficaz.

INTRODUCTION Defects in the lower lips after the excision of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are usually repaired using several surgical techniques. However, the functional reconstruction of full-thickness defects in the lower lip remains a challenge. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to describe surgical strategies for the reconstruction of full-thickness defects of the lower lip after surgical excision of the SCC and evaluate the functional results. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of all patients with full-thickness defects in the lower lip after excisions of SCC that were greater than one third of the lip that were repaired using the Bernard-Webster flap between 2011 and 2014. The functional results (sphincteric, motor and sensory function) were evaluated according to previously used criteria. RESULTS: Six lip defects were reconstructed without complications using Bernard-Webster flaps. During the postoperative period, the patients reported liquid incontinence (16.67%), intermittent salivary incontinence (16.67%), and difficulty fully opening the mouth (33.33%). The tests revealed sensory deficits in the labiomental areas (100%) and lower lip (33.33%). There was full recovery of all functional changes an average of 3 months after surgery. The observed late functional results were considered satisfactory. CONCLUSIONS: The Bernard-Webster flap was an excellent alternative to repairing the defects that affect more than one third of the lower lip since it allowed the use of similar local tissues, a single surgery could be performed, and the result was functionally efficient.

Verruciform Xanthoma on Lower Lip / 대한피부과학회지

No abstract available.

Expression of Glucose Transporters 1 and 3 in Metastatic and Non-Metastatic Lower Lip Squamous Cell Carcinoma

This study aimed to evaluate the immunoexpression of glucose transporters 1 (GLUT-1) and 3 (GLUT-3) in metastatic and non-metastatic lower lip squamous cell carcinoma (LLSCC). Twenty LLSCCs with regional nodal metastasis and 20 LLSCCs without metastasis were selected. The distribution of staining and the percentage of GLUT-1 and GLUT-3 staining in each tumor core and at the deep invasive front were assessed. Most tumors (70%) exhibited peripheral staining for GLUT-1 in nests, sheets and islands of neoplastic cells, whereas predominantly central staining was observed for GLUT-3 (72.5%). A high percentage of GLUT-1-positive cells was observed at the deep invasive front and in the tumor core of metastatic and non-metastatic tumors (p>0.05). The percentage of GLUT-1-positive cells was much higher than that of GLUT-3-positive cells both in the deep invasive front (p<0.001) and in the tumor core (p<0.001) of LLSCCs. No significant differences in the percentage of GLUT-1- and GLUT-3-positive cells were observed according to nodal metastasis, clinical stage or histological grade of malignancy (p>0.05). In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest an important role of GLUT-1 in glucose uptake in LLSCCs, although this protein does not seem to be involved in the progression of these tumors. On the other hand, GLUT-3 expression may represent a secondary glucose uptake mechanism in LLSCCs.

Este estudo objetivou avaliar a imunoexpressão dos transportadores de glicose 1 (GLUT-1) e 3 (GLUT-3) em carcinomas de células escamosas de lábio inferior (CCELI) metastáticos e não-metastáticos. Vinte CCELIs com metástase nodal regional e 20 CCELI sem metástase foram selecionados. Foram analisados a distribuição da imunomarcação e o percentual de imunorreatividade para GLUT-1 e GLUT-3 no centro tumoral e no front de invasão tumoral. A maioria dos tumores (70%) revelou marcação para GLUT-1 em áreas periféricas dos ninhos, lençóis e ilhas de células neoplásicas, ao passo que GLUT-3 revelou predomínio de marcação em áreas centrais (72.5%). Um alto percentual de células positivas para GLUT-1 foi observado no front de invasão e no centro tumoral das lesões metastáticas e não-metastáticas (p>0,05). O percentual de células positivas para GLUT-1 foi superior ao percentual de células positivas para GLUT-3, tanto no front de invasão (p<0,001) quanto no centro tumoral (p<0,001) dos CCELIs. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas no percentual de células positivas para GLUT-1 e GLUT-3 em relação à mestástase nodal, ao estádio clínico ou ao grau histológico de malignidade (p>0,05). Em conclusão, os resultados do presente estudo sugerem um importante papel para GLUT-1 na absorção de glicose nos CCELIs, embora esta proteína não pareça estar envolvida na progressão destes tumores. Por outro lado, a expressão de GLUT-3 pode representar um mecanismo secundário para a absorção de glicose nos CCELIs.

Response of Inferior Alveolar Nerve to Mandibular Angle Fractures.

The study was performed on 40 patients who reported the department of oral & maxillofacial surgery Indira Gandhi Government Dental College Jammu with trauma sustaining mandible, midface injuries along with other body injuries. Those patients were selected who had isolated, unilateral mandibular angle fracture. Patients were selected for the treatment method depending on degree of nerve injury (paresthesia , dysesthesia or anesthesia) & approximate gap between two fractured fragments on OPG. Neurosensory deficit due to inferior alveolar nerve damage was compared with other normal side. The aim of this study was to find out response of inferior alveolar nerve to mandible angle fracture, whether inferior alveolar nerve is always injuried as reported in literature & what type of injuries are most commonly seen. The study also was aimed to know how much displacement/gap between the fragments will lead to paresthesia of lower lip & chin & postoperative recovery thereof.

Study of lower lip proportions in north Indian adults.

Background: Anthropometry, the science of measurement of living subjects has been shown to be useful in reconstructive surgery and in orthodontics, where the soft tissue morphology of the face can be studied more reliably as compared to radiographs. Objectives: The purpose of the study was to create base data of the vertical measurements of the lower lips and proportion of lower lip parameters. Material and methods: The study comprises of lower lip proportion of 600 North Indian adults (300 males and 300 females). Prior informed written consent for this study was obtained from the subjects. The exclusion and inclusion criteria for the subjects were predefined. The measurements were statistically analyzed by using ‘t test’ by SPSS version 15. Results: The lower lip parameters showed sex dimorphism. The height of cutaneous lower lip, height of vermilion lower lip and total lower lip height was significantly (p<0.001) more in males. Two Lip indices was calculated. The lip index 2 was significantly more in males. Conclusion: In case of lower lip, less than half of total lower lip height was occupied by cutaneous portion of lower lip and rest was covered by vermilion portion of lower lip. This study highlights the applied significance of observations of present study to forensic namely personal identification, racial and sex dimorphic criteria of identification.

A Case of Solitary Neurofibroma of the Lower Lip / 대한이비인후과학회지

Neurofibroma is characterized as a benign, slow-growing neoplasm, originating from schwann cells or fibroblasts in peripheral sheaths. It may appear as a solitary tumor or have multiple localizations in von Recklinghausen disease. The solitary neurofibroma involves the skin most frequently and the oral mucosa rarely. The case of neurofibroma in lower lip has not been reported in Korea. Therefore, we report a case of solitary neurofibroma of the lower lip in a 69-year-old man, who was successfully treated by surgery.

Paresthesia of the Lower Lip: Delayed Complication of Radiotherapy to Nasopharynx.

Paresthesia of the lower lip may develop following injury to the inferior alveolar nerve or mental nerve. The most common cause of lip paresthesia is iatrogenic where inadvertent injury takes place during surgery. Paresthesia may also develop as a result of pathology interfering with the integrity of nerve. While expanding benign lesions cause paresthesia by compression of the nerve, malignant lesions do so by invading the nerve tissue. Ionizing radiation may also cause damage to the nerves. The adverse effects of radiation therapy on oral health are well known with the most emphasis given to osteoradionecrosis. Our case is the first report that the inferior alveolar nerve or mental nerve is at risk of long term side effects of radiotherapy to the nasopharyngeal region.